How to properly start the heating system in a private house

Heating systems implemented in private housing construction are presented in several options.

Only by knowing how best to make heating in a private house on your own and correctly, you can get a high-quality and durable system with a minimum investment of time and money.

Read on for more details.

Principle of operation

The heating system operates with the use of a heat carrier heated to certain temperature indicators. Heating is carried out inside the heat exchanger, after which, through the pipes, the coolant reaches the radiators, where it is cooled and, in compliance with the cyclic process, returns to the boiler again.

In open systems the squeezing out of the heated coolant from the heating unit is carried out under the influence of cold water, therefore, gravity distribution through pipes and radiators is observed. Lightweight air from the system is forced into the expansion tank, which is able to maintain a stable pressure level in the heating system.
Closed or forced systems are distinguished by the circulation of the coolant using pumping equipment. A standard pump allows you to maintain a stable pressure in the range of one to three atmospheres.

Despite the fact that the forced operating principle is more promising and easy to maintain, today such heating circuits are used less often than the time-tested open systems.

Varieties of a two-pipe heating system

Speaking about the varieties of such a heating system, it should be noted that its classification is carried out similarly to a one-pipe, more specifically, such heating can be equipped with forced air circulation or natural, in addition, it can have horizontal and vertical wiring.

Speaking about a system with natural circulation, it should be noted that its functioning takes place due to heating, and as a result of changes in the density of water.

When using this system, you can additionally observe a number of disadvantages, among them:

Considering the temperature in the boiler and radiators, it should be noted that it changes quite often, moreover, abruptly.
The length of the pipeline arrangement should not exceed generally accepted standards, i.e. 30 meters.
In addition, there is a rather high risk of frost in the bank and radiator.
And the last is the need for large-sized pipes, which significantly increases the cost of the structure.

Components

The main component of the heating system of a private house is a heating boiler:

solid fuel models;
gas models;
electrical models;
liquid fuel models.

Heating system diagram

Also, for self-installation, it is necessary to purchase additional components, which can be represented by pipes and radiators, a circulation pump, an expansion tank and a coolant, an air valve and other devices.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of a heating boiler, which may differ in the place of installation, the design of the chimney, the type of fuel used, the number of circuits, as well as the materials of the heat exchanger.

Gas heating: boiler in a private house

the main problem when installing gas heating in a private house, this is what gas will be used: balloon or trunk... If the house is not yet connected to the gas pipeline, then it will take time to connect and lay communications, so a supply of gas cylinders will not interfere:

Cylinders should be placed in separate room - this is a prerequisite. Gas cylinders are connected through a reducer system. Boiler for both main and cylinder heating the same... Moreover, cylinders in country houses are used more often in our time of constant rise in energy prices.

This option will cost a pretty penny, but it is much more convenient to install gas tank - large gas storage tank:

For heating a separate room it is recommended to use convectorswhich heat up the room very quickly due to the combustion products:

Gas heating convectors resistant to temperature extremes and compact. Disadvantage - they cannot be used to provide hot water supply.

Liquid circulation options

Systems with a natural circulation option do not allow for fast and complete heating of large areas, which is due to the insufficient transfer rate of the heated coolant through the pipeline and radiators. The wrong location for mounting the expansion tank can cause the water to freeze, and moisture often causes corrosive changes to the metal components.

The forced circulation of the coolant allows you to equip the "warm floor" system, and is also widely used, if necessary, to install indirect heating equipment.

Scheme of a closed one-pipe heating system

Among other things, with a closed liquid circulation system, pumping equipment and an expansion tank can be compactly placed inside one room, which minimizes the risk of freezing of the coolant.

The forced circulation option is the most preferable, and allows not only to control the speed of fluid movement through the system, but also to regulate the heating temperature by means of thermostatic valves.

Electric heating

The simplest system in design.

Heat sources are heating elements that warm up the air:

Convectors... They are additionally equipped with fans to quickly warm up the room.
Radiating... These devices heat the surfaces of objects such as furniture, floors, walls by means of an infrared heater.
Combined... The heating elements are immersed in oil or water inside the radiator.

Power to these devices is supplied through a cable of the appropriate cross-section. The scheme includes a safety system in case of an emergency. Heating operation is regulated by thermostats and thermostats.

Important! Due to possible outages of the centralized power supply, it is necessary to have an alternative power supply system. Electric petrol generator with fuel reserve.

Choosing the right equipment

When choosing the equipment that will be used in the arrangement of the heating system, many factors must be taken into account, including the area of the room, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the walls and the mode of operation.

Boilers

The main parameters of a heating boiler are represented by its power and the type of fuel used:

For every 10 m2 of heated area in an insulated private house with a ceiling height of no more than three meters, 1 kW of boiler power will be required. If necessary, you can resort to the help of designers who perform the correct heat engineering calculations taking into account all environmental factors.
Fuel can be liquid or diesel, as well as represented by electricity, mains or bottled gas.But the most widespread are solid fuel boilers operating on coke, pellets, wood or coal.

No less important selection criteria are the material of manufacture, as well as the method of installation. Modern and very easy-to-use boilers can be wall-mounted and floor-standing, single-circuit and double-circuit, non-volatile and volatile, with forced or natural draft.

Pipeline

The decisive importance in the integrity of the heating system is given to the pipeline, which ensures the movement of the coolant and its delivery to the radiators. The pipeline must be as strong and durable as possible, and also have maintainability.

Optimal thermal conditions are determined by the tightness and quality of the pipeline system, therefore, when choosing pipes, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

option of laying and arrangement of pipes;
average temperature of the coolant;
pressure indicators inside the pipeline system;
heating system configuration.

Heating pipelines in a private house can be metal, plastic and metal-plastic. The first option is represented by copper and steel pipes, but it is best to use galvanized products, which are less susceptible to corrosive changes. Galvanizing can be diffusion or hot.

The organization of the natural circulation heating system is most often carried out with galvanized, stainless or steel pipes, observing the necessary slopes. The most modern, convenient in operation and maintenance option is the use of pipes based on reinforced polypropylene. Such pipelines can be not only external, but also internal, due to the high quality and durability of the material.

If in the house, in addition to the standard heating system, there is also a heat accumulator, heated floors and a pool, then you cannot do without a hydraulic arrow for heating. Read more about the functions of this system.

How to convert Gcal to kW and vice versa, read on. Formulas and examples.

In the event of an emergency, the safety valve in the heating system relieves pressure to prevent a breakthrough. You will learn more about how such a valve works from this material.

Heat storage devices

Heat accumulators provide the accumulation of thermal energy in the process of its excess generation by the source, as well as further use if necessary. It should be noted that devices for the accumulation of thermal energy are necessary only for boilers that operate in a periodic mode..

These appliances include coal or wood-fired boilers. Uninterruptedly operating equipment, represented by gas or electric models, has continuous fuel supply systems, so they do not need heat accumulation.

Heat storage from the inside

The coolant can be represented not only by water, but also by antifreeze. To preserve heat, the battery capacity must be additionally insulated with layers of high-quality heat insulator and installed on a warm base. The sealed tank should have a pair of holes for piping connections.

The heat accumulator is connected to the heating system in parallel to the boiler with supply and return connections. A prerequisite for proper organization is the use of high-quality valves.

What are the heating systems at home

The Russian stove has been a very popular means of heat supply since ancient times. Among the main disadvantages of such structures today, an impressive size is distinguished, which is not always convenient and uneven heating of the air in the room. It’s too hot near the stove, it’s warm 2 meters away, and cool in the next room.Modern fireplaces, although they have changed over time, generally act as a kind of stove and therefore can be used exclusively as an additional heat source.

One of the most popular and effective is the water-type heating system, where a heated heat carrier moves through the pipes and, thanks to this, heats the premises.

No less spectacular, but almost unknown is considered heating air type, the main thing is the operation of air heat collectors.

Electric heating can be called a relatively new type, which does not stop working on converting electricity into heat energy, while not using any heat carrier.

Types of boilers

The first task in organizing heat supply with your own hands is to create an efficient system, mainly automatic, with very little human participation in its work. Based on the general availability of the type of fuel and the usefulness of its choice, it is necessary to buy a certain type of boiler.

The main classification of boilers depends precisely on the fuel option:

gas;
electric;
solid fuel;
combined.

Modern commercial boilers are economical, relatively soundless and common in operation. The main disadvantage of this equipment is its volatility, since at the heart of each of them the fan does not stop working, forcing air into the chamber or ensuring the movement of the heat carrier.

The only exception applies to those boilers where a 12 volt circulation pump is used. Such a pump belongs to the category of emergency equipment and does not stop working on a battery. If there is no electricity, the pump ensures the movement of the heat carrier through the pipes, excluding their freezing and further rupture.

Heating circuit private house

No matter how often the price of gas is indexed in our country, it still remains a very inexpensive type of fuel.

Modern gas water heaters are soundless, ordinary in work, differ in the number of circuits:

single-circuit - designed exclusively for home heating

double-circuit - for heat supply and hot water supply.

Electric

The safest type of equipment. Able to heat any room in terms of area (power 4-300 kW). The only drawback of this equipment is the price of fuel. Electric energy is classically considered the most expensive type of heat supply in comparison with gas and solid fuels.

Among the main positive qualities, it is necessary to highlight the following:

huge power range of boilers capable of heating up to 350 sq.m. premises multi-level and consisting of several rooms;
there is no need to organize a chimney and exhaust ventilation - heat supply occurs due to the change of electrical energy into heat, due to which no gaseous, liquid and solid substances are released;
environmentally friendly equipment that does not emit any hazardous substances into the atmosphere;
small size and the ability to install in each room without restrictions on quadrature and remoteness;
there is no need to obtain permission to put the equipment into operation.

It is possible to heat even a small house with electric energy only if 3 phases are connected, and there is a completely constant voltage in the network.

Boilers also differ among themselves in the number of circuits:

single-circuit - only for heating;
double-circuit - for heating and heating water.

Solid fuel

This is an improved "hello" from the past, improved to the point that it can be left on for 7 days and the temperature in the house will be comfortable.All solid fuel boilers are based on Kolpakov's thesis, when the boiler first heats up, and then the temperature is maintained at a certain level in order to ensure the stability of heating the heat carrier.

Such boilers are distinguished by a sufficiently large efficiency, but at the same time they need constant (at least 1-2 times during the week) cleaning from gaseous, liquid and solid substances, installing a chimney, organizing exhaust ventilation and having a separate room.

Solid fuel boiler design

Advantages of solid fuel equipment:

a wide range of fuels (firewood, coal, fuel pellets, braces, waste from the woodworking and agricultural industries, etc.);
high efficiency, in some cases reaching 92%;
the possibility of automating the process for long-burning units.

In order for the heating period not to cause difficulties, it is necessary to prepare in advance a certain amount of fuel sufficient for heating. private house for 2-3 months.

Combined

This option of equipment allows to rationalize the cost of heat supply and ensure stable operation of the boiler, depending on the availability of one or another fuel.

A significant difference lies in the configuration of solid fuel with other sources - electric current, liquid fuel or gas. Depending on the pair, electric, solid fuel and multifunctional combo boilers are distinguished. The choice depends on what fuel is available in that region.

The transition between alternative sources is carried out by changing the burners, which is very difficult and not always possible the first time.

Burners are always purchased separately!

Choosing a boiler for private house, it must be borne in mind that this is only a small part of the entire heating system. undoubtedly, the most important, on which its functioning and maintaining heat in the house depend, but much still depends on the piping of the boiler, on the organization of heating systems and hot water supply.

Types of heating systems

Depending on which heat carrier moves in the system, the following heating options are practiced:

water, where ordinary water acts as a coolant (in most cases, antifreeze can be added);
air - heat carrier - air heated to a specific temperature;
steam - steam heats the pipes;
electrical - electrical devices are placed along the perimeter (Tubular heaters, infrared emitters, etc.);
combined - the organization of heat supply in a similar way, that the source is not only the heat carrier, but also other options;
underfloor heating system.

Any of these methods is distinguished by specific parameters, good qualities and disadvantages in relation to each other.

Water heating system

This is the most common type of heat supply. private house, which is very easy to do with your own hands. There are no special requirements for the operation of the system, the first task is to correctly calculate the number of batteries and select the required boiler power.

How to calculate power

There is a multipurpose formula for calculating power:

1 kW of power = 10 m2 of heated area

However, it does not stop working only in exemplary, one might say, laboratory conditions, which are very far from reality. When calculating the parameter, you need to take into account the characteristics of a particular house - the year of construction, from what building materials, the presence of thermal insulation, the type of doors and windows, etc.

So, for example, if, for example, a house was built more than thirty years ago, but it is insulated, windows and doors are replaced with modern sealed structures, the capacity should be expanded by 1.5 times, in other words, by 10 sq.m. area to take 1.5 kW.If the scrap was erected not so long ago, but it is not properly insulated, the windows and doors are wood and show through, the capacity should be increased several times.

Power calculation factors

2 or more windows to the north - 1.3;
2 or more windows to the south, east and south-east sides - 1.1;
2 or more windows on the west side - 1.2.

When organizing water-type heating, filtered water acts as a coolant, which does not need to be drained at the end of the heating period. This is a closed system where water moves under the influence of a pump or independently.

Circulation of forced type of heat carrier

To guarantee the movement of heated water through the pipes, centrifugal force is required. Basically, a circular pump is used for this, but a traditional centrifugal pump is also perfect, only of low power.

The first task of the pump is to supply cooled water to the boiler to heat it and distribute the already heated heat carrier through the system. Because we are talking about a closed circle, a constant volume of water moves through the pipes.

Installation

circulation pump in the heating system
private house
Although the use of pumping equipment makes the system volatile, the need for human participation in the operation of the boiler is completely eliminated. The temperature sensor monitors the heating limit, the pump moves the water progressively from the boiler to the pipes and vice versa. When it comes to electric or gas water heating, all participation comes down to only one thing - to set a favorable temperature and forget about the boiler for the whole season.

To guarantee the operation of the boiler if there is no electricity, you can choose a 12 volt circular pump that runs on a battery.

Circulation of the heat carrier independently

Today, this type of system is extremely rare and only in one-storey buildings. Here the heat carrier moves through the system on its own, when water of different temperatures moves under the influence of the difference in specific gravity.

A necessary requirement for the correct movement of water in a closed loop in a gravity system is considered to be pipe installation at a small - up to 150 - angle.

Installation of water heating systems with your own hands

In order for the house to be comfortable and warm, it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of heating devices through which the heat carrier will circulate. At the same time, pay attention to the fact that all boilers must be equipped with an exhaust ventilation system and a chimney. The only exception applies to the electric boiler.

How to calculate the required number of heating devices

The surest way is to calculate the area of the room that is heated (in any room separately). According to SNiP, every square meter requires 100 watts of heat. Find out the area of the room and multiply it by the required amount of heat. So, for example, for a living space of 20 sq.m. you need 2000 W of heat (20 x 100), which corresponds to 2 kW.

Now we find the number of heating devices by the number of sections or units. Any manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of one part of a heater or a monolithic product. Divide the resulting heat volume by the heat transfer rate and get the number of sections that you convert into heating devices, or immediately - the number of heating devices.

Piping in the hydraulic heating system

Single-pipe, where only hot water leaves the boiler

In this case, the heat carrier moves from the first to the last heater, gradually losing heat. When choosing such a system, you need to understand that in the farthest room the battery will be almost cold.

It is difficult to correct the temperature of heaters with such a system, since by shutting off one heater, you stop the supply of the heat carrier to all further ones.

Two-pipe - hot water supply from the boiler and water return to the boiler (return).

This is the most ideal heating system private house, where 2 pipes are connected to each device in parallel at once - the primary and the return. In this case, the temperature of all heating devices in each room will be approximately the same. You can increase or decrease the temperature in any of the rooms as needed.

A similar wiring option is also called radial, when a pipe with a direct feed is supplied from the boiler to each device and removed from the cold one.

The collector in such a heating system performs the task of collecting the heat carrier.

This is a multi-purpose system, it is suitable for the organizational work of heat supply in each room, while it is possible to make hidden wiring to each device separately.

Depending on the selected wiring system, the number of pipes and the total price are set. Single pipe routing is the most inexpensive option.

After the number of heating devices has been calculated and the system has been selected, it is necessary to carry out the pipe installation.

Previously, metal pipes were used for this purpose. Today, such a solution is not cost-effective due to the cost and tendency of corrosion, in this regard, it is necessary to choose polypropylene.

Polymer pipes in the heating system

Pipes are laid in each room, which will be heated, passing from one room to another. The pipes are connected to each other with a specialized soldering iron for plastic pipes.

Water heating system private house you can also assemble it with your own hands, but this will require correct calculations and a boiler piping diagram. The main disadvantage of this system is the need for constant warning. And pay attention to the fact that if you use antifreeze, it should be changed every 5 years.

Air heating

A very common method of heating office and residential premises, which is based on the principle of gravity and mechanical ventilation. The gravitational system assumes the movement of air at a temperature difference due to its convective circulation. Different temperatures mean different air density due to which the movement of warm and cold layers occurs.

With air heating, an air heater is installed in the room or ventilation ducts are installed, through which warm air enters. Each such heat source can be installed anywhere in the room - on the wall surface, in the ceiling or floor. This has no effect on the convection principle.

There are 2 main types of air heating:

district (localized);
central.

Localized

This method is suitable for heating only one room in a room. They act as a heat source:

heaters;
heat guns;
air curtains.

An air heater is considered ideal in terms of heat supply, which spreads heat for a couple of meters around. The power of this equipment is 1-1.2 kW per hour.

A heat gun is a more powerful piece of equipment that also dries out indoor air quickly. They are used only for heating warehouses and industrial premises, where people are for a short time. Power 2-2.5 kW per hour.

An air curtain is an analogue of an air conditioner that supplies hot air at a point. Very often, the curtain is installed at the entrance to simultaneously prevent cold air from entering the space of the room. Power 1.5-2 kW per hour.

Main heating

This is an example of a centralized hot air supply, which functions according to the principle:

direct flow or partial recirculation;
full circulation of hot air.

Very often, a system of this kind is selected in rooms with suspended or suspended ceilings, where ventilation channels can be created above them. With the help of such ventilation holes, hot air enters the space of the room and moves in it.

It is impractical to install ventilation channels in the walls, since part of it is useful for masking ventilation shafts.

The cost of air-type heating is more expensive both in the installation process and in the price of equipment. A gas or electric boiler acts as a source of heat carrier supply.

filtration of air entering the space of the room;
fresh air due to the fact that the intake is carried out from the street;
the possibility of organizing drip irrigation and air ionization.

a system of this kind can only be made in a building under construction (except for a water cannon and an air curtain);
expensive installation.

Electric heating

One of the most affordable way to supply heat to every room, since electricity is everywhere.

The working principle is based on the operation of an electric convector that converts electricity into heat. The newest models are equipped with a huge number of purposes, completely eliminating the need for human participation in control of work.

temperature regulator depending on the time of day;
regulator for increasing the temperature at night and decreasing in the daytime (day-night mode);
maintaining the pressure in the system and a low temperature in the absence of people for a long time;
compliance with the regime even with a short-term power outage, etc.

not difficult at all and not hard installation
that everyone can do;
exceptionally routine work;
system mobility, when convector heaters, if necessary, can be rearranged from room to room space.

the high price of an energy carrier is a very expensive of all available heat supply options.

When choosing an electrical method of heat supply, first of all, there should be 3 phases and a constant voltage in the network.

Steam heat supply

In this case, the working principle completely converges with the water principle, with the only difference that steam moves to replace the water in the pipe system. Pipe installation, choice of boiler power and organization of piping are completely similar to a water-type heating system.

For steam heating, specialized boilers that generate hot steam are used. First of all, the presence of a system of filters "Through the system", which cleanse water from a variety of impurities before it is converted into a vaporous state.

There is only one advantage of steam heating systems - savings, since heating occurs almost very quickly. The efficiency is 95%.

There are incomparably more cons:

the specificity of the equipment - it is very difficult to find a steam boiler on free sale;
high cost of installation work, which includes the distribution of specialized pipes and the presence of a filter system;
dangerous work because the steam temperature exceeds 100 degrees.

Underfloor heating

The big advantage of this heating system is the large heat-dissipating surface area. This is the best option for public places - kitchen, toilet, corridor, as well as in a reception area or a room for a child.

It is considered ideal to lay underfloor heating under ceramic tiles - in this case, it acts as an excellent conductor. Laminate and parquet are very rarely used for underfloor heating, because as soon as the temperature increases, it is very likely that the material will bend and its further demolition.

A prerequisite for the installation of a heated floor is the foil layer. It is not an insulator or reflector, as most people think. Foil is used to distribute heat equally over the floor surfaces. If you do not use such a layer, the tactile sensations of the floor will resemble a zebra - the strip is warm, the strip is cool.

Heated floors are water-based, where hot water moves through pipes, and they are powered by electricity - a system of wires where electricity is converted into heat.

Warm hydraulic floor

Branch water heating systems in the form of small diameter pipes laid on a smooth floor surface. A necessary requirement is the use of a substrate that will eliminate heat loss from contact with the floor.

Heated hydraulic floor manifold

The difficulty of installing a warm hydraulic floor lies in the need to lay pipes and connect them correctly to the existing heating system.

Underfloor heating electric sample

A type of heat supply that is simple to install and operate. Only one difficulty that may appear is the preparatory preparation of the surface for laying wires or mats using a concrete screed, and laying the floor covering on top of the heated floor

Even easier is the application of electric mats to the existing flooring. These mats are completely safe to use and easy to set up. To exclude damage from mechanical factors, it is best to use an overhead heated floor under a carpet or carpet.

In many cases, underfloor heating is considered an additional element of the heating system in the house.

How to choose heat supply for your own home

The most correct choice when selecting heating systems and, based on this, the boiler is considered to be focused on an inexpensive fuel option. If there is no gas pipeline in some area yet, but it is already underway installation, it is reasonable to use multi-fuel boilers - solid fuel-gas. Where gas is not and is not expected, but expensive electricity, an electric boiler can be connected.

Each system has both its own positive qualities and disadvantages. if you even do your homework heating on your own, first of all, consult with the designers regarding the type and method. Each of the selected heating systems is absolutely not a cheap pleasure, so that errors in calculations can be allowed.

So, for example, when developing a fireplace, stove or solid fuel boiler with your own hands, there is a danger of carbon dioxide concentration in the room, which leads to accidents.

An excellent option would be to buy ready-made certified equipment, and already installation

and the strapping is allowed to be done with your own hands.

In order to determine exactly which type of heat supply to choose, it is necessary to take into account the cost of each type of fuel and its consumption per unit of time.

As of March 2020, fuel prices are:

1 liter of diesel - $ 0.5. The cost of 1 kW / h of energy is $ 0.05.
1 m 3 of network gas for individuals - $ 0.05. The cost of 1 kW / h is $ 0.006.
1 liter of cylinder-type gas - $ 0.3. The cost of 1 kW / h is $ 0.020.
1 kWh of electricity for a private person - $ 0.03.
1 kg of coal on average $ 0.3. The cost of 1 kW / h is $ 0.05.

Execution of works

The level of complexity of self-installation of a heating system in a private house directly depends on many factors, including the type of pipeline and boiler installation, as well as the way of circulation of the coolant.

Boiler installation

First, the heating boiler is installed. For this purpose, a concrete or asbestos cement substrate must be installed. The easiest way to mount gas and electric hinged models. As a rule, such devices are equipped with special fasteners designed for the weight and dimensions of the installed heating equipment.

Oil-fired boiler in the heating system

It is somewhat more difficult to install a floor-standing solid fuel boiler on your own. The place reserved for the installation of such a heating boiler must be filled with a layer of standard concrete screed with a thickness of at least a centimeter.

The completed screed and the installed lower part of the boiler should be in contact as tightly as possible, and any gaps should be eliminated using a special heat-resistant sealant.

Installation of heating radiators

Before installation, you need to make sure that the purchased models comply with the requirements for the safe operation of devices:

bimetallic radiators are designed for 35 atm .;
steel radiators are designed for 6-9 atmospheres;
cast iron radiators are designed for 10-15 atm .;
aluminum radiators are designed for 16 atm.

It is necessary to start installing heating radiators by installing brackets, which are fixed with dowels to the wall. The best option for the location of the heater is installation in the window sill, taking into account the following basic requirements:

the distance of the radiator battery from the vertical surface represented by the wall is 2 cm or slightly more;
the distance from the window sill and the lower horizontal surface represented by the floor is within 10-20 cm.

The surface is pre-marked for fasteners in compliance with the level vertically and horizontally. Then, in accordance with the markings already made, radiators are installed, and the absence of any slopes that can impede the movement of the heat carrier is checked.

It is important to remember that for arranging a heating system in a private house, a pressure of two or three atmospheres is considered normal, so the mounted radiator should easily withstand such loads.

Welding of polypropylene pipes

Polypropylene pipelines are great for self-implementation of a heating system in a private house.

They are distinguished by a long service life, are not subject to the formation of rust and rot, are lightweight, and can also be installed by hand, without the involvement of specialists.

To create a heating system based on reinforced polypropylene, you will need to purchase fittings represented by corners, tees, bypasses, adapters and couplings.

It is necessary to weld polypropylene pipelines with a special device called a soldering iron or a welding machine. A pair of elements is heated by the tool to the melting temperature, after which it is combined in a hot state.

For high-quality heating of the inner part, a mandrel is used, and the outer surface is heated using a sleeve. If welding or brazing is done correctly, then the resulting joint is characterized by solidity and high reliability.

The heating temperature required for soldering is set on the regulator of the welding machine. Reinforced polypropylene pipes are welded at a temperature of 260 ° C.

Even if you want to entrust the installation of heating systems to a specialist, you need to know about some of the nuances of the heating system device.

You will find step-by-step instructions for making a thermostat for a heating system at the link.

Air heating: pros and cons

TO pluses air heating can be attributed to the following factors:

High speed warming up the room.
Efficiency 80-95 %. The air is not heated through an intermediate heat carrier (water), but directly. Substantial resource savings.
Channel air conditioning system implementation is available... To do this, an evaporative unit of the air conditioner is installed in the air duct, which operates from a remote control that regulates the transition from heating mode to air conditioning mode.
Possibility of professional installation humidifier.
Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation... Air exchange is carried out autonomously in each separate room.
Elimination of leakage and freezing of the circuit systems (external negative temperatures are not terrible).

But there are several cons:

Large dimensions heat generator.
Low level heat transfer.
Impressive costs for installation.

Heat carrier - air that is heated by the heating boiler. The main elements of a heat generator are a heat exchanger and a gas burner (or Heating element).

Heat generators are divided into two types: with compulsory and natural air circulation.

In variants with natural ventilation, there is a possibility of overheating of the separating wall of the heat exchanger, therefore a unit with compulsory traction. The level of heat transfer of the device is determined area its heating surface.

If the private house is equipped with a system compulsory ventilation, then it is installed electric fanthat increases air pressure and distributes air flows through ducts and rooms. The heating medium that is supplied to the boiler flows around the hot heat exchanger, heats up to 45-600 ° С, and enters the rooms through the air ducts.

Travel speed air masses in a system with forced circulation high, but intermittently noises appear in air ducts and ventilation grilles.

Air heating systems attractive to thosethat make it possible to dispense without heating boilers, without radiators, water pipes and other components that are used in water heating.

Heating boilers can operate on a wide variety of fuels: gas, electricity, solar energy, solid or liquid fuel, etc.

When long downtime air heating system on a heater dust accumulates, which, together with the air, rushes into the rooms when the device is turned on.

Many remaining questions will be answered video:

Next, consider gas and electric heating systems, as the most popular in Russia.

Launch

At the first stage, it is imperative to carry out a visual inspection of the pipeline system and heating radiators, as well as check the chimney. Then the system is filled with a coolant through a special sub-unit, which is located at the lowest point.

To remove air bubbles from the system, Mayevsky's taps are opened.

During the filling of the system with a coolant, pressure testing is carried out.

After the system is completely filled with coolant, a number of measures are performed:

the valve at the bottom of the heating boiler opens;
pressure values are checked, which should not exceed three atmospheres;
after heating the coolant, the make-up valve opens and air locks are removed with the help of the Mayevsky valve.

Heating radiators are actually launched twice: during the filling of the system with a heat carrier and when the heating boiler is turned on. It is necessary to control the operation of the heating system during operation by periodically checking the values on the dashboard or by visual inspection of all nodes.

Two-pipe heating system with bottom piping

Also, a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring is also quite common. This design has several characteristic features, including:

First of all, the significantly larger diameter of the pipeline.
In addition, the pipeline is mounted at an angle.

Considering this system, it should be noted that its installation is carried out both in variation with natural circulation and with forced circulation. Typically, the system is installed in houses with a poor basement, as well as a shallow roof.

Note that when using the lower wiring, the pipeline is mounted under the radiators, or at the same level with them. The main negative factor is the rather frequent appearance of air cushions, which necessitates the installation of Mayevsky taps on each of the radiators.

Among the advantages of this kind of system are:

Quite high efficiency.
Available for installation in an unfinished building.
It is possible to disconnect individual rooms or even an entire floor from heating.
The whole system is quite easy to adjust, in addition, it is possible to overlap certain radiators.
Locking elements of the structure are mounted in the same room.

Among the varieties of such a system, one can note circuits with parallel or collector placement of radiators. In the case of a collector arrangement, two pipelines are supplied to the radiator, in particular, the outlet and the supply. In this case, all rooms warm up somewhat better, but note that the system is quite expensive, since it requires additional pipe materials and connecting structures.