Which stove is better open or closed

Stove for a Russian bath with a closed heater

Each Russian bath has a stove. Therefore, you should think about which model you need to install in it. Electrical products will never replace a real oven. Many people prefer a metal or brick heater. In any case, it must provide optimal temperature performance and provide the right amount of steam.
To obtain hot steam, the stones are placed in a furnace on the fire and thoroughly calcined. Then they are doused with water and the room is filled with hot, humid steam. Since there is no source of fire in the steam room, oxygen is not burned out accordingly.

This model most closely matches the concept of a traditional Russian bath, because it best conveys the atmosphere that is so necessary for a pleasant pastime.

In closed heaters for heat transfer, the steam door is installed at the level of the top row of the stone backfill or higher. When fuel is burned, it remains closed, as a result of which smoke does not penetrate into the room. Before entering the steam room, the door is opened so that the room warms up properly to a temperature of 45-60 degrees.

It takes a lot of time and fuel for such a heater to warm up properly. They begin to heat it 2-3 hours before visiting the bath. The high temperature in the steam room is created by heating the stones.

Depending on the operating mode of the stove with a closed heater, there are:

Periodic action.
Permanent (long-term) action.

Which heater is the best?

Open-hearth stove

Simply put, these are the stoves in which you see stones that surround the firebox. Open stoves include convection and mesh stoves. Such stoves can quickly warm up the steam room, or rather the air in the steam room, due to convection (when the colder air from below heats up passing through the stove and rises up). These are the most common and versatile stoves, using them you can get the microclimate of both a sauna and a Russian bath. The disadvantages of such stoves include overdrying the air in the steam room and insufficient heating of the stones, since they constantly cool down, in contact with the air in the room. But for the average visitor to the bath, the possibilities of such stoves are quite enough.

Closed stove

In such stoves, all the heat energy of firewood combustion is directed to heating stones to high temperatures, and not heating the air.In baths with stoves with a closed stove, it is necessary to steam with a broom and the human body warms up due to contact with steam. The stones are usually enclosed in a metal casing or stone cladding. There is no need to wait for the steam room to warm up to extreme temperatures in the region of 95-120 degrees from such ovens. These are ovens for a classic Russian steam bath. Also, the steam room will take a little longer to warm up than with a stove with an open heater. But the resulting steam will delight the connoisseur. The bath will be soft and the steam will be light.

Combined stoves

Some manufacturers, for example tmf, teplodar, Vesuvius, make stoves with two stoves. They are able to heat up a steam room faster than a classic closed stove, and the steam will be slightly better than with an open stove. Nevertheless, these stoves have a large open stove and a convection casing convector, so they can still be attributed to improved stoves with an open stove.

What conclusion can be drawn

If you are interested in a dry hot microclimate with temperatures from 80 to 120 degrees, then buy a stove with an open stove, a small volume of stones and large convection surfaces. For example, sugar ovens from teplodar. If you are interested in a Russian bath, but you need to quickly warm up the steam room, then it is logical to buy a stove with an open stove and a large number of stones. For example, Russia from a teplodar If you want to get a Russian steam bath and mainly use a broom steaming, the best option would be a stove with a closed heater. Of the modern high-tech furnaces, these are Feringer furnaces. If the article was useful, subscribe to updates in the blog of the Dongradus company!

Do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed type of heater

Metal heaters are virtually indistinguishable from ordinary brick heaters. Their main difference is that they warm up much faster, since the metal itself is thinner than brick.

In baths with metal stoves, they begin to steam within 30-40 minutes after the start of the firebox. But if such an oven heats up quickly, it also cools down quickly. This is precisely its disadvantage. Just like stone stoves, metal stoves can be with open or closed stoves.

All metal sauna stoves with a closed or open stove function as long as someone is in the steam room.

What is a Russian bathhouse without a stove, without steam? The whole essence of the bath procedure is reduced to obtaining a useful scalding steam. The construction of a heater-stove allows you to get the required amount of steam, to warm up the steam room to high temperatures.

The hot stones of the stove are able to accumulate and give off heat to the surrounding air, and the water falling on them turns into a healing health steam.

Sauna stove with a closed stove Laguna
The main difference between the closed-type stove design is the location of stones inside the stove, which are heated through the walls of the stove from the firebox, as well as through hot smoke passing through the cobblestones. Compared to an open stove, the stones here are heated to a temperature of 400-700 degrees, depending on the type of stove.

To create steam, water in stoves with a closed heater is supplied to the stones through a specially built door.

The advantages of a closed sauna stove are:

The steam room does not warm up as quickly as with the open type, but evenly, which creates a favorable microclimate in the bath and more comfortable conditions for the steam room.
The stones are warmed up evenly, accumulating heat for a long time.
The steam room does not overheat.
The creation of high-quality steam is provided by the walls of the stove, which keep the steam inside and contribute to its infusion. Compared to the open heater, the steam is dry and light.
The high temperature in the steam room is maintained for a long time without the need to heat up the oven.
High fire safety.
The ability to heat large areas.
The ability to regulate the heating rate of the room, for which it is enough to open the heater door
When steam is supplied, the possibility of scalding is excluded.

Among the disadvantages of the closed type, the following can be noted:

Long time of kindling and warming up the steam room.
Greater fuel consumption than an open heater.

Now let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of an open-hearth stove. A feature of this type of heater is the open arrangement of stones in a special niche above the firebox. The temperature of the stones is transferred by the heated surface of the walls of the stove, from which they receive heat and transfer to each other. The larger the area of the heated surface, the better the cobblestones are warmed up.

Often, one layer of stones, pressed along the perimeter to the walls of the stove, is enough to generate the required amount of steam and heat.In an open-type stove, the main thing is not to overdo it with the number of stones. If there are too many of them, the top row will not have time to warm up, since there will be no contact with the walls, and steam will not form.

Sauna stove Rus 9 with an open heater

The advantages of an open heater are:

Fuel economy.
Rapid heating relative to the start of the stove firing.

Disadvantages:

The stones heat up quickly, but they also give off heat just as quickly as they cool down.
In order to get high-quality steam, it is necessary to warm up the top layer of stones well, but the steam room at the same time begins to overheat, creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. To prevent the stones from cooling down quickly, it is necessary to heat the stove, and without this the steam is heavy and damp.
The stones heat up less than in a closed heater.

What is a closed sauna stove?

So let's start with what is a heater? it a container for stones, which is a distinctive feature of sauna stoves... You will not find them in heating systems for your home. The reason stones are used goes back centuries. In fact, this is the first heat accumulator found by people, which has not lost its relevance in our time.

Remember! The stone heats up for a long time and gives off heat for a long time. The metal heats up and cools down quickly.

Therefore, in order to increase the time of bath procedures after burning wood in the very first primitive stoves, a pile of stones was used. It was under her that a fire burned in sauna "in black"... When bricks appeared, stones did not go out of use. They just began to be placed in a separate container. This is how the modern heater was born.

Stones in a heater with direct heating of a brick oven in a Russian bath

On a note! Sometimes part of an object is used to refer to the whole. Both the stone container and the whole stove can be called a stove. Distinguish by context).

If you are given a stove for a bath with a closed stove, then this means that the following elements must be present in it:

firebox (with channels for air supply and removal of furnace gases);
container for stones (in this case, closed, but with a door);
chimney.

The presence of diffusers, hoods and chimneys, as well as heat exchangers or tanks, depends on the design of a particular stove. In the future, we will talk more specifically and give examples of the internal structure of different stoves with a closed heater.

Do-it-yourself stove for a bath with a closed stove

The type of heater is selected based on the size of the steam room, the desired steam output - dry or wet, the expected number of steam baths, the heating time of the steam room. The foundation is installed at a level 50 cm below the ground. It is made of concrete, covered with a waterproofing sheet and a brick layer on top.

The walls of the firebox are installed at an angle so that the remnants of burnt firewood spill out onto the grate, which, in turn, is mounted under the boiler in the central part. Next, a blower door is installed, which regulates the force of air supply to the ash pan. By decreasing or increasing it, you can adjust the force of burning wood or other fuel.

An ash pan is installed under the grate to collect the remains of burnt firewood. It also regulates the air entering the firebox. A water tank is installed inside the stove, and a coil is placed inside the firebox. The stones are placed on a grate made of metal rods with a diameter of 4-6 cm, inside the chimney.

Closed-stove steam oven

The quantity and quality of steam depends on the correct choice of stones. The correct calculation is 35-45 kg of cobblestones per 1 m3 of the steam room. The best choice for the heater is gray and black cobblestones collected from the water, as they are stronger than others. The optimal size is a stone about the size of a fist, the shape is round or oval.

In order to obtain high-quality fine-dispersion steam, you can install a steam generator, or the so-called steam gun. It is lowered to the lowest row of the stone pile of the stove, and a valve installed at the top of the stove keeps heavy steam from escaping through the top of the pipe.

Closed or open stove: which one to give preference?

In the previous article, we examined and compared in detail brick and metal wood-fired stoves, noting their characteristic features, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. They, in turn, are divided into a number of varieties, according to the type of passage of smoke in the furnace, according to the type of fuel channel, according to the principle of burning wood, etc. Let us dwell in more detail on their other structural subspecies, in the opinion of many, which is almost the most significant and to which more than one branch of controversy is devoted to the corresponding forums. We are talking about stoves with an open and closed heater.

Why do so many focus so much on this moment? Yes, everything is very simple - the heater is a source of steam, the comfort of being in the steam room depends on what it will be. Consider both options, and make your own conclusions.

Open-hearth stoves

This type of heater is the most common among iron appliances. Among brick ovens, although much less common, varieties with open stones are also found.

Their peculiarity is the cobblestones located in a special bowl on top of the firebox.

Very often, such stoves (made of metal) are called sauna stoves. How true this statement can be argued, but with the fact that it is much more difficult for these products to achieve the desired vapor consistency, it is difficult to disagree.

The fact is that their design was originally designed for the preparation of dry-air, not "broom" steam. The stones in such a furnace, quickly gaining heat, and this is about 200-250 grams, also quickly give it away, because they directly border on the air of the steam room. This is where the paradox occurs: to get good steam, you need to properly heat the top layer of stones, and due to the fact that there is a constant heat removal from them, the steam room begins to overheat.

It turns out like this: the stones are ready to give out moderately moist steam, and the temperature above the shelf is already too high. It is no better further: if the stove is not heated, they begin to cool down quickly, and this leads to the fact that the steam turns out to be damp and heavy.

It would seem that after such shortcomings, no one will buy such models, but they also have their own advantages:

From the beginning of the kindling and until the bath is ready, it takes only a little more than an hour. For many, at the present time, this is of decisive importance when choosing a sauna stove.
Fuel economy.

Closed Heater Stoves

The most consistent with the concept of a traditional Russian bath, tk. do the best at creating the right atmosphere for a comfortable broom hangout. What is the fundamental difference between such ovens, except, of course, the appearance and how justified is the assertion that only such steam should take place in a real steam room? Let's try to figure it out.

A characteristic feature of closed stoves is that the stones laid for the accumulation and transfer of heat to the environment are inside the stove. They are heated due to the walls separating them from the firebox or due to the passage of hot smoke through them.

In the first case, these are permanent ovens, you can go to the bath immediately after it has been sufficiently warmed up.

In the second case, these are intermittent furnaces (mostly brick), you can go to steam only after the coals have gone out.

The temperature of the stones in them is 400-500 g and 600-700 g, respectively. As soon as the bath is heated or well infused, they go to steam. Water splashes onto the stove through a special door in the oven.

What are the benefits of this?

Since the cobblestones are closed, the active transfer of heat to the steam room is significantly reduced, which in turn turns into several useful things:

the space of the steam room warms up slowly but evenly, which creates more comfortable conditions for vaping,
stones are heated to the same high temperature and hold it for a long time,
for the same reason, the steam room does not overheat.

The top layer of stones heated to the required temperature allows, after supplying water, to receive good steam. It turns out that it is really excellent, and all thanks to the fact that the walls, preventing its rapid departure, contribute to its insistence. Water, falling on hot stones, or cast iron ingots, turns into finely dispersed steam, which, in turn, overheats in a confined space and comes out through the slightly open door in a ready-made state. This kind of steam is called moderately dry and hot or light.

And also a positive point is that a closed heater allows you to maintain a high temperature for a long time, allowing you to calmly steam for a couple of hours, or even more, in a row. He made one trip to the steam room, went out, rested, then back on the shelf, threw in some water, and the heater again responded with a cloud of steam. But with open stones, this may not happen - they cool down too quickly, so the oven has to be constantly heated.

Disadvantages of such ovens:

- Prolonged heating of the steam room. - Increased consumption of firewood. - Less aesthetic look (not for everyone).

In general, as we can see, it cannot be argued that one type of stove is good, and the other is not at all suitable for a bath. For a Russian, of course, a closed heater would be the best option, but, as you know, everyone has a different taste and color - someone likes a higher temperature with low air humidity, and someone else is the opposite. Best of all, stoves with an open stove are suitable for those who like to bask more often than to steam with brooms.

It should also be added that so-called combined ovens have recently appeared. They can work in two modes - a Finnish sauna and a Russian bath, but as experienced bath attendants claim, this is not the case.

Requirements

The following requirements are imposed on a heater for a Russian bath:

It provides the steam room with a high temperature, which should be 45 degrees at the floor and 80 degrees at the ceiling.
Moistens the air by pouring water over the stones.
Does not emit smoke and carbon monoxide into the room.
It must be safe when using the bath.
Economical on fuel.

If the stove is metal, then it is equipped with an additional grid-heater. This container works in a metal oven in the same way as in a stone one. Only in this case the stove heats up much faster, because it is located directly above the firebox. This feature makes the metal structure much more popular than the stone one, which takes more time to warm up and, accordingly, more fuel is consumed.

Depending on the way the stones are placed, the stoves are divided into types that have a closed or open stove.

Closed stove - how it works

Before moving on to how a do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed stove is built, you need to figure out what a Russian steam room is.

The difference between a sauna room and a dry steam room is the different air parameters. In the bath, there is an increased humidity in the range of 50-70% at a temperature of 45-70 degrees. Such a big difference is possible for the reason that all people have different preferences, and there are several modes in the Russian bath. Usually, visitors begin to warm up when the air reaches 45 degrees, and pour water on stones at higher temperatures.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with: Washing in a wooden bath - All about the bath

This regime, obviously, was formed for the reason that the baths were heated by stone stove structures, and other ways to steam were unavailable.According to the conclusions of scientists, it is these indicators that contribute to improving health. And currently, a brick stove is considered the best option for a bath. However, not everyone can afford it, and for this reason, metal units are most in demand, of which there are a huge number.

They are presented in different options and price categories. Many of them have an open heater, which is why the stones are constantly in contact with air. They are not suitable for Russian baths, since they cannot provide the required regime. The high heat dissipation of the metal case leads to the fact that the air is significantly overheated.

An open stove also does not allow steam of the required condition to be obtained - it must be of high temperature and consist of the smallest drops. It was called "light" because after visiting the steam room there is no pain in the head, and the body feels light. This type of steam does not form when the heater is open. It turns out to be heavy and moist, after which a headache appears. Therefore, it is preferable to have a sauna stove with a closed heater.

True, a metal stove may also be present in the Russian steam room. It is desirable that she has not only an external, but also an internal closed heater with a large volume. If the design of the unit is exactly this, the stones heat up to 500 degrees, sometimes even higher, while in an open heater it is no more than 200-250 degrees. When water hits a hot surface, a light, almost transparent steam is formed, which is appreciated by fans of the Russian bath.

Before moving on to how a do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed stove is built, you need to figure out what a Russian steam room is.

This regime, obviously, was formed for the reason that the baths were heated by stone stove structures, and other ways to steam were unavailable. According to the conclusions of scientists, it is these indicators that contribute to improving health. And currently, a brick stove is considered the best option for a bath. However, not everyone can afford it, and for this reason, metal units are most in demand, of which there are a huge number.

An open stove also does not allow steam of the required condition to be obtained - it must be of a high temperature and consist of the smallest drops. It was called "light" because after visiting the steam room there is no pain in the head, and the body feels light. This type of steam does not form when the heater is open. It turns out to be heavy and moist, after which a headache appears. Therefore, it is preferable to have a sauna stove with a closed heater.

What are the advantages of a closed heater?

Since the stones are closed, the active transfer of heat to the steam room is significantly reduced, which in turn turns out to be several useful properties:

the space of the steam room warms up slowly, but evenly, which creates more comfortable conditions for vaping;
stones are heated to an equally high temperature (400-500 ° C) and hold it for a long time;
for the same reason, the steam room does not overheat.

Stones heated to a high temperature, after supplying water to them, produce a large amount of steam.Water, hitting hot stones, turns into finely dispersed steam, which in turn overheats in a closed space and comes out through an open door in a ready-made state. This kind of steam is called moderately dry and hot, or easy.

A closed heater retains the temperature of the stones for a long time and can keep it high for up to 3-4 hours. This is convenient if you make a lot of visits to the steam room or take a steam bath in a large company.

In general, it cannot be argued that one type of oven is better than another.. Each carries its own qualities and characteristics... Of course, for a more professional and high-quality steam, a stove with a closed stove with a brick lining is suitable, but we must not forget about lovers of whiter high temperatures.

The need to shield the walls

In addition to the fact that a closed-type stove is required, it is also important to shield the fluxes of hard radiation coming from the metal walls. A number of manufacturers create double metal enclosures around the unit housing to reduce convection.

For the same purpose, cladding with natural minerals can also be used. Such stoves are offered by many manufacturing companies, but since the natural finish is very expensive, the products cannot be called cheap.

In addition to the fact that a closed-type stove is required, it is also important to shield the fluxes of hard radiation coming from the metal walls. A number of manufacturers create double metal enclosures around the unit housing to reduce convection.

Batch stove with closed stove

It is considered one of the most popular designs of a stove for a Russian bath, which retains heat for a long time (for 1-2 days). The stones are in the middle of the brazier and are heated by the burning furnace or by the smoke that is directed through them into the chimney. This construction heats stones very well. The lower layer can be heated up to 1000 degrees, and the upper one - up to 650 degrees.

Due to the exposure of the stones to the smoke, they become covered with soot. therefore, the sauna can be used as soon as the fuel has completely burned out. Such a high heating temperature of the stones helps to ensure that the soot particles on the stones are completely burned out. Otherwise, the steam room is filled with carbon monoxide, which is poisonous. It should take 3-5 hours after lighting the heater before the first steam lovers enter the steam room.

This design consists of a blower, a firebox, stone filling and a chimney. In this design, the stones are heated by the walls that separate them from the firebox. The stones can heat up to 400-500 degrees, the steam room begins to warm up from them. The body of the continuous heater is made of 4 mm thick refractory steel sheet.

A stove with a closed permanent heater has its own characteristics. Since the outside of its body heats up very much due to the small thickness of the firebox masonry, it is placed in a metal casing. Between the body and the screen, air is circulated, heated from the walls of the furnace, which is heated to the limit.

Usually the bath is heated in such a way that the fuel products do not burn completely and soot settles on the stones. When the stones are poured with water, the steam that enters the steam room, along with it, captures the soot particles. The air in the steam room becomes dirty. To prevent this from happening, stones in stoves with a closed door of constant action are fenced off from smoke with a steel or cast iron stove.

Sauna stove with a closed heater: comparison with an open one

Sauna stove with a closed stove Laguna

The main difference between the closed-type stove design is the location of stones inside the stove, which are heated through the walls of the stove from the firebox, as well as through hot smoke passing through the cobblestones. Compared to an open stove, the stones here are heated to a temperature of 400-700 degrees, depending on the type of stove.

To create steam, water in stoves with a closed heater is supplied to the stones through a specially built door.

The advantages of a closed sauna stove are:

The steam room does not warm up as quickly as with the open type, but evenly, which creates a favorable microclimate in the bath and more comfortable conditions for the steam room.
The stones are warmed up evenly, accumulating heat for a long time.
The steam room does not overheat.
The creation of high-quality steam is provided by the walls of the stove, which keep the steam inside and contribute to its infusion. Compared to the open heater, the steam is dry and light.
The high temperature in the steam room is maintained for a long time without the need to heat up the oven.
High fire safety.
The ability to heat large areas.
The ability to regulate the heating rate of the room, for which it is enough to open the heater door
When steam is supplied, the possibility of scalding is excluded.

Among the disadvantages of the closed type, the following can be noted:

Long time of kindling and warming up the steam room.
Greater fuel consumption than an open heater.

Often, one layer of stones, pressed along the perimeter to the walls of the stove, is enough to generate the required amount of steam and heat. In an open-type stove, the main thing is not to overdo it with the number of stones. If there are too many of them, the top row will not have time to warm up, since there will be no contact with the walls, and steam will not form.

Sauna stove Rus 9 with an open heater

The advantages of an open heater are:

Fuel economy.
Rapid heating relative to the start of the stove firing.

Disadvantages:

The stones heat up quickly, but they also give off heat just as quickly as they cool down.
In order to get high-quality steam, it is necessary to warm up the top layer of stones well, but the steam room at the same time begins to overheat, creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. To prevent the stones from cooling down quickly, it is necessary to heat the stove, and without this the steam is heavy and damp.
The stones heat up less than in a closed heater.

Metal heaters are virtually indistinguishable from ordinary brick heaters. Their main difference is that they warm up much faster, since the metal itself is thinner than brick.

All metal sauna stoves with a closed or open stove function as long as someone is in the steam room.

The hot stones of the stove are able to accumulate and give off heat to the surrounding air, and the water falling on them turns into a healing health steam.

Steam cannon

The operation of a closed heater depends on how insulated it is from the unit walls and the state of the air in the steam room. The better these indicators, the more it will turn out to heat the stones. However, in this case, there is a problem with how to supply water to the stones.

In order to get steam inside the stove, they equip a system of pipes with holes. A glass or funnel is attached outside and water is poured. It flows down the pipe down the unit. Such a device is called a heat gun. It got its name from the fact that the escaping steam makes loud sounds, reminiscent of a shot.

In order to get steam inside the stove, they equip a system of pipes with holes. A glass or funnel is attached outside and water is poured. It flows down the pipe down the unit. Such a device is called a heat gun. It got its name from the fact that the escaping steam makes loud sounds, reminiscent of a shot.

When using this device, it is recommended not to be limited to a single tube - it is better to make a branched version below, which will evenly distribute the liquid over the stove and bring it to the most heated zones.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: How to create a reliable base for a bath

Manufacturers of metal aggregates for baths

If the question arises, what are the best stoves for a sauna with a closed heater, then it is worth talking about the most popular and proven products. They are present in the lines of the following manufacturers: Vulkan, Teplodar, Termofor (read: “How to choose and install a Vulkan stove for a bath”). There are also devices with a closed heater from Finnish companies.

The following enterprises produce metal stoves for Russian baths:

Feringer;
Kutkin;
Teklar;
Troika;
Kalita;
Svarozhich;
Enchantress;
Isist;
Sudarushka.

Manufacturers who are in the top four have already earned a positive reputation - buyers refer to them as reliable manufacturers.

If the question arises, what are the best stoves for a sauna with a closed heater, then it is worth talking about the most popular and proven products. They are present in the lines of the following manufacturers: Vulkan, Teplodar, Termofor (read: "How to choose and install a Vulkan stove for a bath"). There are also devices with a closed heater from Finnish companies.

Manufacturers who are in the top four have already earned a positive reputation - buyers refer to them as reliable manufacturers.

Which closed sauna heater is better to choose

Nowadays we live in a multicultural space. This also affects the bathing traditions - in addition to the Russian national bath, Finnish is also popular in Russia, and the Turkish and Japanese, although fewer adherents, still have them. So in the Russian open space you can meet anything, and the stoves in each case will also be special. And what works for one will not work for another. So a closed heater is for a Russian bath.

The Russian steam room is much more humid and much less cold than the sauna. Therefore, different solutions are suitable for baths and saunas.

Important! It is optimal when the temperature in the room does not rise above 70 degrees, and the humidity is 60%. And this moisture creates a specific "light steam".

The stove is responsible for creating the right conditions. Its design and the materials used in it are sharpened for this. The problem that the inventors of the stove-heater for the Russian bath were solving was to simultaneously heat the stones to a very high temperature (at least 300 degrees) and not overheat the steam room.

For this, the Russian stove was dressed in a brick, which retains heat in its massif, and the stones were placed inside, allowing them to come into direct contact with the flame. So both hares were killed, and the heating time, although it was at least 4 hours, was optimized in its own way.

According to the method of heating, the stoves were divided into earlier "black" or "black", "gray" and "white". They got their names from the amount of soot that was in the air. The "black" stove does not have a chimney, it is the same pile of stones, except perhaps placed in a more modern brick casing. The firewood burns, and all the smoke ends up in the steam room, settles on the walls as soot (they turn black), then it is released through the window.

"Gray" and "white" are practically the same thing. The only difference is whether soot will be released during the first water supply or not. Both have a chimney. To avoid the release of soot, the first feed in the "gray" is done with an open pipe, allowing the steam to escape into the chimney. There is no such need for "white". And the whole point is what kind of stove for the Russian bath is installed there, the process and features of installation are presented in a separate publication. In "gray" there is a flowing one, and in more detail about the designs of heaters - in the next chapter.

Stoves with an internal heater are of two types: batch and continuous.

In the first case, the stones lie over the firebox on a grate of one kind or another, which allows the tongues of flame and fuel gases to freely penetrate through their pile. At the same time, the contact is complete, which ensures maximum heat transfer.

Russian sauna stove with a closed heater

Important! The batch furnace does not allow water to be poured onto the stones during the heating process. You need to wait until the fuel burns out, only then splash. Otherwise, you would have flooded the fire.

If you put stones in a metal box, then direct contact with the flame is lost, you get a deaf stove, in which the fire heats the metal, and the metal heats the stones. Heat transfer is less perfect, but at the same time the stove can be heated all the time (it becomes permanent), soot does not get into the room at all (this is the same "white" stove), in general, all the disadvantages have their advantages.

To get steam, it is enough to perform a simple action - to splash water on hot stones in a special niche, a heater. In this case, not only steam is formed, but also the temperature in the steam room rises, a special microclimate is created.

There are 2 types of stoves, depending on the type of stove:

with an open form. This design is suitable for heating a small bath. The room, in this case, heats up quickly, but if you pour water over the stove, it will quickly start to cool down. In an open-type stove, stones are placed above the fuel chamber.
A closed sauna heater is a more common option. In this model, a door is provided for the heater. During the heating process, the stove door is closed, if you open it slightly, you can speed up the heating of the steam room. The stove unit with a closed stove begins to heat up long before the bath procedure, because it will take at least two hours to warm up the bath. On the other hand, the heat in a closed heater can be kept for 2 days.

Each Russian bath has a stove. Therefore, you should think about which model you need to install in it. Electrical products will never replace a real oven. Many people prefer a metal or brick heater. In any case, it must provide optimal temperature performance and provide the right amount of steam.

To obtain hot steam, the stones are placed in a furnace on the fire and thoroughly calcined. Then they are doused with water and the room is filled with hot, humid steam. Since there is no source of fire in the steam room, oxygen is not burned out accordingly.

This model most closely matches the concept of a traditional Russian bath, because it best conveys the atmosphere that is so necessary for a pleasant pastime.

It takes a lot of time and fuel for such a heater to warm up properly. They begin to heat it 2-3 hours before visiting the bath. The high temperature in the steam room is created by heating the stones.

Depending on the operating mode of the stove with a closed heater, there are:

Periodic action.
Permanent (long-term) action.

Many people love bath procedures. This article will discuss the features of Russian baths and the ovens used in them. The most famous design is considered to be a brick heater. Its design is distinguished by thick walls and the fact that the firebox in it is laid out of refractory, fire-resistant bricks.

If the question arises, what are the best stoves for a sauna with a closed heater, then it is worth talking about the most popular and proven products. They are present in the lines of the following manufacturers: Vulkan, Teplodar, Termofor (read: "How to choose and install a Vulkan stove for a bath"). There are also devices with a closed heater from Finnish companies.

Manufacturers who are in the top four have already earned a positive reputation - buyers refer to them as reliable manufacturers.

These units are manufactured in Russia. The Enchantress is not the only model line, the company also produces cast iron products Kalita and cast iron and steel Sudarushka.

The Enchantress is made of AISI 439 heat-resistant steel. The outside is decorated with fireclay refractory bricks or natural minerals.

A feature of the products of this line is a two-chamber firebox. In this case, fuel combustion occurs in the lower of them, and flue gases are burned in the upper due to secondary air. Because of this, the stoves have high efficiency and do not require a large amount of fuel - the thermal energy is almost completely used to heat the stove.

They have a large heater. The flame covers it from five sides, heating the stones to a high temperature, but the top remains open, which is undesirable for steam rooms, but good for saunas. In the case of the Enchantress, you can purchase a steam accumulator, which is a kind of stove cover, which also makes it possible to lay stones. It should be borne in mind that any stove from this line has sufficient power to heat an additional portion of stones.

The line includes models with the name "Russian steam". They are better suited for Russian baths, since they initially have a closed stove with a cover designed to facilitate maintenance. By opening / closing the lid, heating modes are switched. If it is open, the steam room heats up more actively, and if it is closed, the stones are intensively heated.

If we supplement the Enchantress with a steam generator, with the exception of the MK modification, a similar effect is obtained. The MK mesh heater from the same manufacturer is equipped with a closed heater. The stones in it are also heated from the chimney.

Thus, the Sorceress stoves can function in Russian baths with some modifications, namely, with lids and cast iron ingots, replacing some of the stones with them. Russian steam models already have a closed-type heater, so they give light steam, and the cladding copes with hard radiation perfectly.

User reviews about the units Enchantress:

My stove is lined with chamotte. Works well, but the steam is a little heavy.But after I equipped the stove with a lid, and also partially put cast iron instead of stones, it became much better. After that, the steam became wonderful, it is enough, and the temperature in the steam room reaches 70-75 degrees.
Perhaps the walls of the oven are thin. For several years I have been using the Sorceress stove, and during this time the top of the stove sagged for several centimeters, and the walls were slightly bent. But as for the steam and heating the bath, there are no complaints.

Advantages of closed heaters

Compared to stoves with an open heater, stoves with a closed heater have many positive aspects.

The stove of a Russian bath with a closed stove is not heated from the steam room, so the ingress of carbon monoxide into the steam room is completely excluded. Because of this, it is pleasant to be in the steam room, and the air is saturated with the aromas of a brewed broom or herbs, which are steamed specifically to create steam.
A large number of stones are heated evenly, as a result of which a light steam is formed, saturated with moisture from tiny droplets. This makes it easy to tolerate the high temperature in the steam room. In addition, it is scientifically proven that too high temperatures are harmful to the health of the body.
Such designs are more reliable in terms of safety, because when adding liquid to stones, the likelihood of a steam burn is completely excluded. In addition, the combustion chamber itself is closed with a separate door.
As soon as the stones are heated to the required temperature, the stove should be stopped heating, because it will maintain the required temperature for quite a long time due to the slow cooling of the stones inside it.

Closed heater

A closed system is more complex in the device. The stones are stacked in a special compartment inside the oven. When heated, they do not come into contact with air, which means that the stove with such a stove needs to be heated longer - about four hours. But having warmed up, it will be able to give off heat for a very long time, this time will be enough even for long bathing procedures.

A container with water is usually located next to the stove, it heats up gradually, and the steam from there comes out after reaching the maximum temperature, has expanded in volume. Such a steam is called soft, it is easier to withstand it out of habit.

Variety of EasySteam stoves

These units are made of stainless steel with a thickness of 4-6 millimeters, the chromium content in them is 17%. In order to reduce the number of welds, the furnace and the container for stones are formed by stamping and bending. To strengthen the walls of the furnace, special stiffening ribs are used, and to improve the heating of stones and reduce the load on the bottom, it is made rounded.

To prevent the flames from entering the chimney, a flame divider is installed in the firebox. The chimney duct is bent in order to more efficiently use the energy obtained in the process of fuel combustion. As a result, the flue gases bend around the container filled with stones from all sides, which leads to their high-quality heating.

In order to regulate the functioning, in the upper part of the unit there is a knob that changes the location of the thermostat damper. When the lumen is open, an intense heating of the room occurs, and if it is closed, stones.

Such ovens for closed-type baths have steam generators installed inside, namely, systems consisting of tubes with holes that are located in the heater. The water that enters there falls on the highly heated stones, and then is distributed over a large area due to the presence of a system of holes.

Water begins to evaporate, falling on hot stones. The steam that has formed rushes upward, bypassing the stones in the direction of the outlet above. As a result, the steam breaks up into tiny particles, warms up more and turns out to be almost transparent.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa.The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service. A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

Furnaces are produced either under the protection of a brick screen, or with lining with slabs of a coil or soapstone. Technical parameters differ from model to model. Those that have cladding are characterized by their large size and weight, as well as a significant price. The mass of the facing material can reach 250 kilograms.

A closed sauna heater such as Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa has the same structure inside. They differ in power and, accordingly, are suitable for steam rooms of various sizes. Modifications in the same line have differences in the dimensions of the stone compartment, and on this basis, the thermal inertness of the furnace.

The more stones, the longer it takes to warm up the steam room, but at the same time it allows you to get more steam. Its inertia is also ideal for drying the steam room, since the stones give off the heat generated for a long time.

A novelty among the EasyStream line - "Yalta" has a different design, which is a kind of mesh oven. But it is quite non-standard: the closed inner heater is located around the chimney, which is surrounded by an open and ventilated heater.

These units are made of stainless steel with a thickness of 4-6 millimeters, the chromium content in them is 17%. In order to reduce the number of welds, the furnace and the container for stones are formed by stamping and bending. To strengthen the walls of the furnace, special stiffening ribs are used, and to improve the heating of stones and reduce the load on the bottom, it is made rounded.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa. The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service. A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

Furnaces are produced either under the protection of a brick screen, or with lining with slabs of a coil or soapstone. Technical parameters differ from model to model. Those that have cladding are characterized by their large size and weight, as well as a significant price. The mass of the facing material can reach 250 kilograms.

The more stones there are, the longer it takes to warm up the steam room, but at the same time it allows you to get more steam.Its inertia is also ideal for drying the steam room, since the stones give off the heat generated for a long time.

EasySteam stoves

These units are made of stainless steel with a thickness of 4-6 millimeters, the chromium content in them is 17%. In order to reduce the number of welds, the furnace and the container for stones are formed by stamping and bending. To strengthen the walls of the furnace, special stiffening ribs are used, and to improve the heating of stones and reduce the load on the bottom, it is made rounded.

Water begins to evaporate, falling on hot stones. The steam that has formed rushes upward, bypassing the stones in the direction of the outlet above. As a result, the steam breaks up into tiny particles, warms up more and turns out to be almost transparent.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa. The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service. A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

A closed sauna heater such as Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa has the same structure inside. They differ in power and, accordingly, are suitable for steam rooms of various sizes. Modifications in the same line have differences in the dimensions of the stone compartment, and on this basis, the thermal inertness of the furnace.

The more stones there are, the longer it takes to warm up the steam room, but at the same time it allows you to get more steam. Its inertia is also ideal for drying the steam room, since the stones give off the heat generated for a long time.

To prevent the flames from entering the chimney, a flame divider is installed in the firebox. The chimney duct is bent in order to more efficiently use the energy obtained in the process of fuel combustion.As a result, the flue gases bend around the container filled with stones from all sides, which leads to their high-quality heating.

Such ovens for closed-type baths have steam generators installed inside, namely, systems consisting of tubes with holes that are located in the heater. The water that enters there falls on the highly heated stones, and then is distributed over a large area due to the presence of a system of holes.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa. The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service. A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

A closed sauna heater such as Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa has the same structure inside. They differ in power and, accordingly, are suitable for steam rooms of various sizes. Modifications in the same line have differences in the size of the stone compartment, and based on this, the thermal inertness of the furnace.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with Which side of the hydro-vapor barrier lies

Stove Enchantress for baths

These units are manufactured in Russia. The Enchantress is not the only model line, the company also produces cast iron products Kalita and cast iron and steel Sudarushka.

The Enchantress is made of AISI 439 heat-resistant steel. The outside is decorated with fireclay refractory bricks or natural minerals.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: How to install a light switch with your own hands

They have a large heater. The flame covers it from five sides, heating the stones to a high temperature, but the top remains open, which is undesirable for steam rooms, but good for saunas. In the case of the Enchantress, you can purchase a steam accumulator, which is a kind of stove cover, which also makes it possible to lay stones. It should be borne in mind that any stove from this line has sufficient power to heat an additional portion of stones.

If we supplement the Enchantress with a steam generator, with the exception of the MK modification, a similar effect is obtained. The MK mesh heater from the same manufacturer is equipped with a closed heater. The stones in it are also heated from the chimney.

Thus, the Sorceress stoves can function in Russian baths with some modifications, namely, with lids and cast iron ingots, replacing some of the stones with them. Russian steam models already have a closed-type heater, so they give light steam, and the cladding copes with hard radiation perfectly.

User reviews about the units Enchantress:

My stove is lined with chamotte. Works well, but the steam is a little heavy. But after I equipped the stove with a lid, and also partially put cast iron instead of stones, it became much better. After that, the steam became wonderful, it is enough, and the temperature in the steam room reaches 70-75 degrees.
Perhaps the walls of the oven are thin. For several years I have been using the Sorceress stove, and during this time the top of the stove sagged for several centimeters, and the walls were slightly bent. But as for the steam and heating the bath, there are no complaints.

These units are manufactured in Russia. The Enchantress is not the only model line, the company also produces cast iron products Kalita and cast iron and steel Sudarushka. A modern cast-iron sauna stove is a high-quality and practical product.

The Enchantress is made of AISI 439 heat-resistant steel. The outside is decorated with fireclay refractory bricks or natural minerals.

The main difference between the Russian bath is a closed heater.

Let's remember what the different "baths" are:

Finnish sauna (dry heat): t 80 - 140 ° С, humidity from 1 to 15%.
Turkish hammam (damp heat): up to 45 ° C, humidity up to 100%.
Russian bath (golden mean): t 60 - 80 ° C, humidity 50 - 80%.

As you can see, for a guy in the Russian style, a lot of humidity and temperature are required. You can get abundant steam, without flooding the stove, only from well-heated stones.

In the first black baths, the stones were located on a straight path near the flame, had direct contact with it, and heated to a crimson glow. Of course, there is a lot of trouble and inconvenience with a smoke sauna, so they are not often found in the vastness of the country.

An open stove does not come into contact with the flame. The stones get the temperature here from contact with the walls of the furnace and transfer to each other, gradually warming up. The larger the contact surface area, the better the stones will warm up. There are models of boilers in which the stove has such a shape that the stones lie in it in a thin layer and almost all are pressed against one of the walls. The design does an excellent job of heating the room and generating steam!

Combined models have been developed, in which there are two heaters at once - open and closed. The purchase of such a device can extinguish heated debates about which type of heater is better.

The ideal option is a closed heater, which resembles an oven. While the process of heating and heating the room is in progress, the door of such an “oven” remains closed and all the heat is given to the stones. Subsequently, when the time comes for the guy, the door is opened and water is splashed into it.

It turns out that the first stage of bathing procedures takes place at high temperature and low humidity, and the end - in heated air saturated with moisture.

There are two types of stove designs with a closed heater (closed type):

Periodic action.
Constant action.

To put it simply, the difference between them is that the first passes through the stove smoke and partially the flame, and the second is isolated from fire and smoke.

Closed sauna stove

They got their names because the insulated stove can be used at any time, while the bath is being heated and after that, that is, "constantly".

And the periodic model does not allow the door to open until the fuel is completely burned out. This is done because of the soot coating that covers the surface of the stone (if water is splashed on such a stone, the soot will end up in the room, on the shelf and people). In addition, carbon monoxide will also enter the steam room along with the smoke.

Do not overdo it with the amount of stone in the open heater! The upper parts of the slide are already warming up the worst, if there is no contact with the walls, steam will not form, and you will fill the stove with water and get a hammam.

Stove care

Regardless of whether the stove was installed, closed or open, it should be regularly inspected and the stones sorted out. Some stones may crack or split when exposed to high temperatures. In this case, the cobblestones should be replaced.

The walls of the heater are constantly expanding and narrowing during the operation of the sauna. From this, the brickwork gradually collapses. If cracks or crevices are found, they should be immediately covered with a solution of clay, otherwise carbon monoxide can enter the steam room along with the smoke.

If you constantly monitor the heater, then there will be no problems, and it will only delight you with its excellent steam.

Shuvalov Pyotr Vasilievich

Stoves Paravoz

This is not a misprint: these ovens are named that way. They have a somewhat strange appearance: they are made from a pipe lying horizontally. As a result, the units really resemble a steam locomotive, but the name of the stoves is Paravoz.

These units are very durable - they are often used in public baths for up to 7 years or more, and every day. Taking into account the fact that the bathhouse is heated at home much less often, they can serve for decades.

There should be a brick screen around the stove so that the steam room does not overheat. A lot of steam is formed, it is transparent, clean and hot. It is almost impossible to fill the stove - testing has been carried out. As a result, 20 liters of water was poured out within 10 minutes, but the stones and metal dried out in less than 60 seconds.

Paravoz is not a cast-iron sauna stove with a closed heater. They are produced from steel pipes with a diameter of 430-650 millimeters, a length of 80-10 centimeters and a wall thickness of 8-10 millimeters. The stoves have a considerable weight - 160-330 kilograms, and this is without taking into account the stones that heat up very well, which is facilitated by the special shape of the furnace in the form of a vault and some other interesting design solutions.

Currently, there are 11 modifications of these furnaces. Some of them have similar technical characteristics, but they differ in furnace casting. As for the design, it is almost identical. On some products, the decoration and appearance of the front part have been changed.

A wonderful product! I have installed an impressive screen around this oven. The temperature picks up in a few hours, but you can start steaming just an hour after it has been melted. And at the same time, it is impossible to burn yourself against it. All good.

It is not so easy to choose a stove for a Russian bath. Often concepts such as "sauna" and "bath" are confused.Moreover, in each of these establishments it is necessary to create a certain atmosphere, for which it is necessary to select a specific type of ovens. So before buying, it is recommended to consult with a specialist who will help you choose the right model depending on the type of steam room and the user's requirements.

Stove Case {amp} gt; For sauna {amp} gt; Do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed type of heater

It is not so easy to choose a stove for a Russian bath. Often concepts such as "sauna" and "bath" are confused. Moreover, in each of these establishments it is necessary to create a certain atmosphere, for which it is necessary to select a specific type of ovens. So before buying, it is recommended to consult with a specialist who will help you choose the right model depending on the type of steam room and the user's requirements.

Tags: sauna, closed, heater, open, russian

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